Exosomes from immune cells, such as macrophages, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells, are extracellular secretions that are released into the extracellular space and play a significant role in the immune system. Numerous macromolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, are carried by immune cell exosomes and can control immune response and regulation

Characterisation of immune cell exosomes

Tetraspanins, MHC-like molecules, and other cell-specific proteins are abundant on the surface of immune cell exosomes, enabling interaction between immune cell exosomes and other cells.

Biological functions of immune cell exosomes

Numerous biological processes are carried out by immune cell exosomes in the immune system. First, by attaching to receptor cells and relaying information between cells, they can operate as signaling mediators, controlling the activity and function of immune cells. Second, immune cell exosomes have the capacity to serve as antigen presenters by attaching antigens to MHC-like molecules and taking part in particular immunological reactions by activating CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. Exosomes from immune cells can also control cell proliferation, death, and other biological processes like inflammation.

The role of immune cell exosomes in immune regulation

Immune cell exosomes are crucial for controlling the immune system. Immune cell exosomes have been proven to control immune cell activity and function, including boosting or inhibiting the generation of cytokines and controlling the intensity of an inflammatory response. Additionally, immunological tolerance, immune memory, and autoimmunity are all tightly tied to immune cell exosomes.

Research progress of immune cell-derived exosomes

With the deepening of the research on immune cell exosomes, people have a deeper understanding of the mechanism and application of immune cell exosomes. Researchers have discovered the important role of immune cell exosomes in immune response and disease development, and have begun to try to use immune cell exosomes as a novel immunotherapy strategy. In addition, by analyzing biomarkers in immune cell exosomes, new means can be provided for the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases.

Conclusion

As an important part of the immune system, immune cell exosomes have a variety of biological functions and regulatory roles. In-depth research on immune cell exosomes helps us better understand the mechanism of immune regulation and provides new ideas and methods for the treatment and prevention of diseases. With the continuous advancement of technology and the deepening of research, it is believed that the application prospects of immune cell exosomes in the fields of immunology and clinical medicine will be broader.